
By Bronwen Cohen, Peter Moss, Pat Petrie, Jennifer Wallace
Read or Download A New Deal for Children?: Re-forming Education and Care in England, Scotland and Sweden PDF
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Additional resources for A New Deal for Children?: Re-forming Education and Care in England, Scotland and Sweden
Sample text
Furthermore, Sweden, through its welfare regime (discussed below) has stronger redistributive policies, which also has a significant impact on the proportion of poor people: 23 A New Deal for children? Before social benefits are taken into account, Ireland, Sweden and the United Kingdom show a high percentage (more than 30%) of people on low incomes.... Social benefits reduce the percentage of people at risk of poverty in all Member States but to very disparate degrees. The reduction is smallest – less than 30% – in Greece, Spain, Italy and Portugal.
On a narrower measure – individuals with an income of less than 60% of the median, that is, the middle point in the distribution of income – in 1998 the UK had the second highest poverty level in the EU (21%), more than twice the level in Sweden (10%) (Eurostat, 2002). The same picture applies to children. 2% in 2000. The Swedish level was the lowest of 12 EU member states covered, while the UK was the second highest (after Italy). This wide difference between the UK and Sweden is confirmed by other cross-national comparisons (UNICEF, 2000; Eurostat, 2002).
The total expense includes not only taxes paid but all other payments made for benefits and services, including private arrangements. Once these are taken into account,“expenditure on social purposes in the Nordic countries is no higher than those in countries with a Continental European welfare model such as Germany and the Netherlands, and does not even exceed the level of spending in countries with an Anglo-Saxon welfare model such as the United Kingdom and the United States” (Kvist, 2002, p 21).